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Welcome to Vocal Process eZINE 25

This edition includes a report on our With One Voice course and news of our training opportunities, there's a feature on the Integrated Voice programme, and we hear about Jeremy's new video for the Science Museum. Gillyanne and Jeremy talk about their keynote speech at Netvotech, and there is an article on How the Ear Hears.
 

 Gillyanne Kayes Jeremy Fisher


Course reports

It's been a busy few weeks for Vocal Process with several courses in London, Motherwell and Mansfield.

With One Voice was back at RADA on 28th April. This course is the final taught unit of Integrated Voice Module I. The overall aim of the course is to emphasise the link between singing and speaking. Here is an extract from a report by Ruth Hamilton (Integrated Voice participant) on her experience of the course.

“It is only recently that I have entered the arena of vocal coaching. After singing and performing for ten years with relatively few vocal lessons myself, the choice to become a teacher, was a daunting prospect. I have developed my own singing voice through performance experience, through explorations of my own sound and also by listening to other vocalists.
The course highlighted for me the different methods of approaching text for both actors and singers. The exercise, in which we explored the spoken text of “I remember”, was an interesting way to discover sounds, rhythms and meaning incorporated within the words. This exercise gave us the time to experiment with the words and build our own character from the text and some further suggested impetus.

We then moved on to learn the text as a song and we were faced with the new dimension of music. With that came the imposed motivations and intentions of the composer. In one way it became difficult to use our previous work on the spoken text and apply the same intention to the song because for some of us the music didn’t lend itself to the character we had created. On the other hand it was quite easy to find a new motivation because the tune and phrasing alone were very descriptive and suggested a certain mood and character.
From this exercise sprung the question of whether one should unlock the meaning in the lyrics and adapt the song to make it true to you, or to focus on performing the song how the composer intended it. In the early C20th, Elsie Fogerty developed “a fundamental principle of (spoken) voice teaching, “that we are developing expressive skill in order to serve the writer’s intentions not the speaker’s ego””. Is this also relevant as an approach to song and lyrics?

The answer doesn’t appear to be black-and-white when it comes to approaching song. For example, a classical singer is likely to prioritise an evenness of tone over expressing the emotion of the text, in order to do justice to the musical composer, whereas a musical theatre performer may approach a song in a similar way to an actor approaching a script; making the words and character the focus. A jazz singer, on the other hand is expected to take a standard and make it their own through musical and rhythmic improvisation, in some instances resulting in the original melody becoming unrecognisable.

Practising voice qualities and textIn terms of my work as a vocal coach, this course has shown me the benefits of using speech and singing side-by-side. In future I intend to experiment with different approaches to teaching students new songs. Rather than taking students through the lyrics and melody at the same time, I will attempt to teach them the tune without words and then separately tackle the lyrics and rhythm. Often students concentrate so hard on the melody and hitting the right notes, that they have no idea what they are singing about. With this method, there is more chance of a student remembering the words and they may also gain a greater understanding of the song.

Currently, I have little experience as a voice diagnostician, so the tips from the course will be invaluable. However, I am lucky enough to be in a position where I have the opportunity to explore many of the ideas that were introduced on the course, throughout my future career. I hope develop my own style of coaching based on both the academic theories that have been introduced to me, and that which I find to be successful in practice."
 


Successful Singing Auditions book coverSuccessful Singing Audition made a welcome return to Motherwell College in May. In a fast-moving programme Gillyanne and Jeremy worked with 15 students to improve their abilities under pressure. A large number of topics were covered, including technical vocal issues, voice balance, dealing with the pianist, 16-bar choices, suitability of repertoire, finding your way into the song, the physicality of singing, playing the song and the emotion, and song landscaping. Our congratulations to the students for staying with the process - the level of concentration and attention was exceptional.
 


Successful Singing AuditionsThere was another Successful Singing Auditions at Expressions in Mansfield. Gillyanne travelled up for the day to work with the students there. We see surprisingly similar problems with students wanting to achieve their best in auditions - it's the main reason we wrote the book Successful Singing Auditions. The school had arranged for everyone to sit in on the masterclass and for 8 singers to be put through their paces. Although the audition was run in the same way for each singer, I had different expectations for those in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd year of training. These students were not phased by hearing that they were to cut their songs down to 16 bars (though some made unusual choices!) and, almost without exception, had chosen material that was suitable to their vocal and physical casting. This meant that I had more time to work on 'playing the song', helping the singers to communicate their song-map and tempo clearly to the pianist and offering technical tips for making the song work better.

Congratulations to Expressions for staying ahead of the game.
 


Singing and the Actor - the book on which the course is basedSinging and the Actor Training The next London Singing and the Actor Training will take place on 13-15 July. The Singing and the Actor Training course is packed with information, techniques and training on vocal styles and sounds based on Gillyanne's groundbreaking book. You will have plenty of tools to take away with you at the end of the 3 days that you can use to improve both yours and your student's voices. Gillyanne will be teaching this course assisted on this occasion by Gill Main. Gill teaches at the London Studio Centre and has facilitated on a number of Vocal Process courses. Singing and the Actor is a stand-alone course but also acts as an entry to the Integrated VoiceTM training programme. If you are planning to join Module One this year (starting October 2007) and have not yet attended a Singing and the Actor Training course, book this course without delay!
 


Integrated Voice Module One is drawing to a close once more as the participants complete their assignments. This is the third year that we have run the course and we are very pleased with the way it is developing. There is now more project work in the assignments, enabling the participants to focus on applying what they have learned in their work environment. So, for example, one participant chose to work on a Portugese song for her Practical Phonetics assignment, as she is interested in World Music. Typically, a number of the participants have achieved or are planning an 'upgrade' in their work life, due to increased confidence in their diagnostic ability, teaching strategy and awareness of personal voice use. Singing teaching in the UK is an unregulated activity and although there are a few training programme around, we think that Integrated Voice, with its multi-disciplinary and genre-eclectic approach is unique. Vocal Process is passionate about supporting teachers on their journey to excellence.
This year we are saying 'goodbye' to Meribeth Bunch Dayme as a tutor on the course. Meribeth has retired from teaching Vocal Anatomy for Voice Professionals and is concentrating on new ventures under The Alchemy Programmes. We know that everyone who has been taught by Meribeth on the Vocal Anatomy course will want to join us in thanking her for her knowledge, insight and special approach to this subject. This year's (2007) Module One course will have a triumvirate of tutors for the vocal anatomy unit: Sara and Tom Harris, of Queen Mary's Hospital, Sidcup and Jacob Lieberman, an osteopath specialised in voice and postural problems. All three have taught courses for Vocal Process before and we are delighted welcome them to the Module One faculty.
 


Netvotech

Build your own larynx templateGillyanne and Jeremy appeared as keynote speakers at the end of May for Netvotech, the Network on technology and healthy human voice in performance. The network is funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and aims to discover ways to use technology to enhance vocal performances for both the performer and the audience. Vocal Process has always used technology to communicate complex vocal concepts in a clear, straightforward manner. The presentation focussed on our current use of technology in training, and included the simple (our free tilting larynx template and ebook 86 things you never hear a singer say), the informative (this eZINE, the 200-page website and Jeremy's blogging), and the educational (free articles, internet singing lessons using Skype technology, and of course the Voicebox Videos, the UK's first downloadable endoscopy video ebooks). Jeremy also gave live demonstrations of using simple voice analysis programmes to enhance and improve singers' techniques and perceptions. It was a fascinating day and it was encouraging to see the collaboration between the performers and the scientists.

If you want to find out more about Netvotech, click on this Netvotech website link.
 


So How Does Your Voice Work?

Dana centre logoWe have news of Jeremy's latest collaboration, with the DANA Centre at the Science Museum in London. In May Jeremy visited the voice clinic at Queen Mary's Hospital in Sidcup for an endoscopy session with Tom and Sara Harris. They were joined by the DANA Centre's Programmes Developer and the chief press officer, who brought the national press along. There were some wonderfully surreal moments with Jeremy singing the iconic karaoke song 'My Way' with a camera up his nose accompanied by paparazzi-style camera flashing (it's included on the resulting video). The Daily Telegraph subsequently ran a full article called 'Secrets of singing revealed' (June 19).

Recording My Way using a nasal camera, with Tom and Sara HarrisNow, after more than 200 edits using six different computer programmes and images from four cameras, the video is ready. "So How Does Your Voice Work" will be premiered at the DANA Centre at the Science Museum on July 3rd and hosted by the singer Dusty Limits. This is part of an event organised by the DANA Centre and SingLondon called The Blagger's Guide to Singing, and will also feature David and Carrie Grant of BBC's Fame Academy and live karaoke. Jeremy is hoping to get time off from the Scarborough Spa Orchestra job to come down to London for the premiere, so if you are in the area, contact the DANA Centre now to book your ticket. Events are open to anyone aged 18 or over and are all free. Places need to be pre-booked, though, by calling 020 7429 4040 or emailing tickets@danacentre.org.uk

We'll see you there
 


Article: 

For the third in the series of articles by Jeremy on the vocal folds and sound, this edition's feature article focuses on why what happens in the vocal folds is not the end of the story. This set of articles appears at the special request of a number of our course participants and discusses topics that are part of the Singing and the Actor Training course.

How the ear hears

Obviously, since the voice is a complex set of structures, life isn't quite as simple as long closed phase = loud, short closed phase = soft. Even the question of volume is a tricky one, as there are several factors involved.

First, we need to separate the sound source (vocal folds and breath flow) from the sound resonator (the vocal tract - in this case everything from the false vocal folds up to the mouth and nose). We also need to be aware of how the ear perceives and translates sound.

Let us say that for a particular note the vocal folds themselves are producing a specified level of amplitude (due to their position, texture, tautness and bulking). We have to take into account the combination of airflow (how much, how fast, how much sub-glottic pressure) and resistance (how much are the vocal folds resisting against the airflow, the other factor in sub-glottic pressure). In addition the vocal tract can enhance and change the sound by allowing some harmonics through and damping down others. And finally the way the ear hears sound means that actual amplitude (the size of the sound) does not always match the perceived volume.

Because the sound has to travel through the vocal tract before it escapes into the atmosphere, we can modify the sound after it has been made but before it has been heard. By changing the shape of the vocal tract (using constriction/release, twang, tongue position or nasal/oral resonance), we can affect the sound and the perceived volume. So for example a cry quality (short closed phase, gentle sound) might be made to sound 'louder' by adding anchoring (vocal tract alteration) or twang (resonance or glottal adjustment, depending on your viewpoint).

Let's talk twang

The human ear is tuned to hear specific harmonics more easily than others, although this can change with age. There are only a few truly simple sounds - a tuning fork or an oscilloscope, for example. Most sounds are complex, made up of a fundamental frequency (the one we hear) and a number of harmonics above (which contribute to the timbre of the sound). It is the particular balance of harmonics that tells our brain whether the same note is being played by a violin, an oboe or a trumpet.

A note in the human voice will normally contain harmonics up to several thousand cycles per second. By adding twang, the harmonics that sit between 2,500 and 4,000 cycles per second are boosted. This area of harmonics is often called the "singers' formant" and contributes to the "ring", "brilliance" or "squillo" in a voice.
In addition, each part of the human body has a resonating frequency of its own. Because of the shape and size of the ear canal, it vibrates in sympathy with resonances that sit between 2,500 and 4,000 cycles per second. So a twangy sound seems to 'sound' closer to your ear and therefore louder.

If you don't believe me, watch the men on a bus wince when a baby starts twanging!

I'm finishing with a challenge:
the next time you listen to a singer in any genre, listen out for whether the vocal volume is being made at vocal fold level (with a longer closed phase) or at vocal tract level (with added twang or tongue adjustments). You might be surprised...
 


And finally,

Jeremy Fisher, Singing coach blog linkJeremy's blog this month contains news of singing and brain function, and the first few days at Scarborough in charge of the UK's last remaining resort orchestra.
http://www.singingcoach.blogspot.com
 


GillyanneJeremy

 

 

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